Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Comprehensive Treatment

A varicocele is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. This condition commonly occurs on the left side of the scrotum due to anatomical differences in the venous drainage system between the left and right testicular veins. While not all men with varicocele experience symptoms, the condition can impact sperm quality and fertility, particularly in younger men.

How Does Varicocele Occur?

Varicocele develops when the one-way valves in the veins fail to function properly, causing blood to pool rather than flow efficiently. This accumulation of blood leads to vein dilation, increasing the temperature around the testes and potentially disrupting sperm production.

Read more: Understanding the Anatomy and Functions of the Testicle

Contributing Factors of Varicocele:

• Anatomical differences – The left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angle, making it more prone to varicocele compared to the right side.
• Increased intra-abdominal pressure – Physical activities such as heavy lifting can elevate pressure in the veins, triggering varicocele formation.

Signs and Symptoms of Varicocele

Many men with varicocele may remain asymptomatic, making diagnosis difficult without a medical examination. However, some common symptoms include:

• Swelling or a lump on one side of the scrotum
• Dull, aching pain or discomfort, often worsening after standing for long periods or during physical activity
• Testicular atrophy (shrinkage) on the affected side
• Decreased sperm quality, which may lead to infertility

Varicocele-related pain typically ranges from mild to moderate and tends to increase throughout the day, especially with activity or prolonged standing.

Image source: Freepik

Complications of Varicocele

The most significant complication of varicocele is its impact on male fertility. About 15% of adult men have varicocele, but this figure can rise to 40% among men with fertility issues.

Enlarged veins can elevate the temperature around the testicles, which may reduce sperm count and motility. Over time, varicocele may also cause testicular atrophy, where the affected testicle shrinks due to tissue damage.

Read more: Why Is Semen Watery? Causes and How to Fix It

Treatment Options for Varicocele

Although varicocele does not always require treatment, medical intervention may be necessary in cases involving pain, testicular shrinkage, or infertility. Treatment options include:

• Non-Invasive Management: Wearing supportive underwear (such as an athletic supporter) can help relieve discomfort in mild cases.
• Varicocelectomy (Surgical Repair): This procedure involves ligating (tying off) the affected veins to redirect blood flow to normal veins. It is commonly recommended for men with fertility problems or significant discomfort.
• Embolization: A minimally invasive procedure using a catheter to block the enlarged veins and stop blood flow. Embolization typically involves a shorter recovery time than surgery.

Importance of Early Detection and Monitoring

Early detection is essential, especially for men planning to conceive. If you notice scrotal swelling, testicular pain, or difficulty conceiving, consult a healthcare professional promptly. A physical examination and scrotal ultrasound are typically used to diagnose varicocele accurately.

Read more: 4 Healthy Semen Colors: What Do They Mean?

Varicocele is a common condition affecting males, especially during puberty through young adulthood. Although often asymptomatic, it can have a significant impact on testicular health and fertility. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for varicocele can help men take proactive steps in preserving their reproductive health.

For comprehensive guidance on reproductive health, fertility treatments, or managing infertility, the doctors at Morula IVF Indonesia are ready to help. Morula IVF clinics provide professional consultations and advanced technology, including Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). With over 20 years of experience, Morula IVF is committed to helping you achieve your dream of a healthy pregnancy. Visit their official website or contact us directly for more information and consultation.

References:

• Mayo Clinic. (2023). Varicocele: Symptoms and Causes. Accessed September 2024.
• Healthline. (2022). Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. Accessed September 2024. 
• UCLA Health. (2021). Varicocele: Symptoms, Treatment, and Diagnosis. Accessed September 2024.
• MedlinePlus. (2023). Varicocele: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed September 2024.
• Medical News Today. (2022). What to Know About Varicocele. Accessed September 2024.