5 Types of Medications to Avoid During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a delicate and critical period that requires special attention to every aspect of maternal health, including the use of medications. What a pregnant individual consumes, including over-the-counter drugs, prescription medications, and even herbal supplements, can significantly affect the development and safety of the fetus. Some medications, while safe under normal circumstances, may pose serious risks during pregnancy. These risks include congenital anomalies, miscarriage, premature labor, and developmental disorders.

Because of these potential dangers, it’s essential for expectant mothers to be aware of which medications should be avoided and to seek safer alternatives whenever possible. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, continuing, or discontinuing any medication during pregnancy.

Below are five categories of medications that are commonly advised against during pregnancy, along with explanations of why they may be harmful and what alternatives may exist.

Read more: Abdominal Cramps During Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Manage Them

Medications to Avoid While Pregnant

1. Certain Pain Relievers

Ibuprofen and Aspirin (NSAIDs)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, may increase the risk of pregnancy complications. These include bleeding disorders, premature closure of the ductus arteriosus (a vital fetal blood vessel), and preterm labor, particularly if taken during the third trimester.

Opioids (e.g., Codeine, Morphine, Oxycodone)

While sometimes prescribed for severe pain, opioids carry significant risks in pregnancy. They can lead to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a condition in which newborns experience withdrawal symptoms, and may also cause dependency and respiratory complications.

2. Certain Antibiotics

Tetracyclines (e.g., Tetracycline, Doxycycline)

These antibiotics can interfere with bone development and may cause permanent discoloration of the baby’s teeth when taken during pregnancy.

Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin)

Fluoroquinolones are generally not recommended during pregnancy due to potential cartilage and joint damage in the developing fetus.

Read more: Is It Safe for Pregnant Women to Eat Spicy Food?

3. Certain Anti-Seizure and Antidepressant Medications

Valproate and Carbamazepine

Used to manage epilepsy and bipolar disorder, these medications are linked to increased risks of congenital malformations and developmental delays in children.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Some SSRIs, especially paroxetine, have been associated with congenital heart defects and other risks when used during the first trimester. Always consult your physician before starting or continuing antidepressants in pregnancy.

4. Herbal Remedies and Certain Supplements

While labeled as “natural,” herbal remedies are not always safe during pregnancy. Some may trigger uterine contractions or affect hormonal balance. Always consult a healthcare provider before taking herbal or over-the-counter supplements.

5. FDA Category X and High-Risk Category C Medications

Category X Drugs (e.g., Isotretinoin for acne, Warfarin as a blood thinner)

These are contraindicated in pregnancy due to proven teratogenic effects—meaning they can cause severe birth defects.

Category C Drugs

These should only be used when the potential benefits justify the potential risks. They lack sufficient human studies and may have shown adverse effects in animal research. Always take these only under medical supervision.

Read more: Understanding the exact location of the fetus and its development

Consult Before You Consume

During pregnancy, medication safety is paramount. Avoiding high-risk drugs such as NSAIDs, certain antibiotics, antidepressants, and Category X medications can significantly reduce risks to fetal health. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication during pregnancy.

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References:

• NHS. Illegal Drugs and Pregnancy. Accessed February 26, 2025.
• WebMD. Medicines to Avoid When Pregnant. Accessed February 26, 2025.
• Better Health Channel. Pregnancy, Medication, Drugs, and Alcohol. Accessed February 26, 2025.
• Healthline. Category C Drugs. Accessed February 26, 2025.