Red Flags in Your Menstrual Cycle: Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore

Abnormal Menstruation – Menstruation is an essential part of every woman’s life, a monthly cycle that indicates the body’s readiness for reproduction. However, what happens when this regular cycle suddenly changes? Is it just a natural variation, or could it be a sign of a more serious health issue? Understanding the difference between normal and abnormal menstruation is crucial for maintaining optimal reproductive health. In this article, we’ll explore the characteristics of abnormal menstrual bleeding—from heavy periods to irregular cycles.

What Is a Normal Menstrual Cycle?

A normal menstrual cycle typically occurs every 21 to 35 days and lasts about 2 to 7 days. The volume of menstrual blood usually ranges from 30 to 80 milliliters. The color may vary from bright red to dark brown or even black, especially toward the end of the cycle.

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Signs of Abnormal Menstruation

1. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia)

Menorrhagia is characterized by excessively heavy bleeding—more than 80 ml per cycle—or needing to change sanitary products every one to two hours. This may be caused by hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, or blood clotting disorders.

2. Light Menstrual Bleeding (Hypomenorrhea)

In contrast, hypomenorrhea refers to unusually light periods. It may be triggered by hormonal factors, hormonal contraceptives, or medical conditions like Asherman’s syndrome.

3. Irregular Menstrual Cycles (Oligomenorrhea and Polymenorrhea)

• Oligomenorrhea: Cycles occurring less frequently than every 35 days. Causes include stress, thyroid disorders, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Polymenorrhea: Menstruation occurring more frequently than every 21 days. This may result from hormonal imbalances or infections.

Read more: 11 Causes of Pain in the Upper Miss V that You Need to Watch Out!

4. Abnormal Menstrual Duration

Menstruation lasting longer than 7 days or shorter than 2 days is considered abnormal. It may indicate hormonal problems or other underlying health conditions.

5. Unusual Color and Texture of Menstrual Blood

• Bright Red or Orange Blood: May indicate infection. If accompanied by an unpleasant odor, consult a healthcare provider.
• Large Blood Clots: Clots larger than a coin could suggest uterine fibroids or bleeding disorders.

6. Severe Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea)

While mild cramping is common, intense pain that disrupts daily activities could point to conditions such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.

7. Spotting or Bleeding Between Periods

Spotting refers to light bleeding outside of your regular period. Causes can include hormonal fluctuations, infections, or uterine polyps. Persistent or recurring spotting should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

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Causes of Abnormal Menstruation

1. Hormonal Imbalance

Disruptions in estrogen and progesterone levels are a leading cause of abnormal menstruation. This may be due to puberty, menopause, thyroid disorders, or hormonal contraceptive use.

2. Thyroid Disorders

Both hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can affect menstrual patterns.

3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that frequently causes irregular periods, heavy bleeding, or in some cases, missed periods.

4. Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in or around the uterus that can lead to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

5. Endometriosis

A painful condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often causing severe cramps and abnormal bleeding.

6. Stress and Lifestyle Factors

High stress levels, drastic weight changes, excessive exercise, or an unhealthy diet can all disrupt the menstrual cycle.

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When Should You See a Doctor?

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and support reproductive health. Your doctor may perform a physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound imaging, or other diagnostic procedures to identify the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

Read more: What’s The Difference Between Pregnancy Spots and Menstrual Spots?

Menstruation is a key indicator of a woman’s reproductive health. Recognizing the signs of an abnormal period is a vital step toward maintaining your overall well-being. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if you notice unusual changes in your menstrual cycle.

For more information on reproductive health or fertility programs, consult a medical professional at Morula IVF. As Indonesia’s leading fertility clinic, Morula IVF provides comprehensive consultations with experienced obstetricians and gynecologists. With over 26 years of experience, Morula IVF is committed to helping couples achieve healthy pregnancies. Visit the official Morula IVF website to schedule a consultation or ask your questions.

References:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2020). Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Retrieved from acog.org
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Menstrual Health. Retrieved from who.int
• WebMD (Accessed 2024): Why Is My Period So Random?
• Cleveland Clinic (Accessed 2024): Abnormal Uterine Bleeding