Causes of Prolonged Menstruation and How to Manage It

Prolonged menstruation is a common concern among many women, especially those who experience it regularly. This condition typically refers to menstrual bleeding that lasts more than 7 days. While a normal menstrual cycle usually ranges from 2 to 7 days, the duration and volume of bleeding can vary significantly between individuals.

Menstrual periods that extend beyond 15 days are not necessarily dangerous if they occur occasionally. However, if prolonged menstruation happens repeatedly and is accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, pain, or excessive bleeding, it may indicate an underlying health issue.

Causes of Prolonged Menstruation

In some cases, the exact cause of prolonged menstruation cannot be determined. However, several potential factors are known to contribute to this condition. If you’ve experienced prolonged periods, the following reasons may apply:

1. Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is one of the most common causes of prolonged menstruation. It usually results from hormonal imbalance, which disrupts the stability of the endometrial lining and can cause spotting outside of the menstrual period. Women over the age of 40 are more likely to experience DUB.

2. Switching Birth Control Pills

Hormonal contraceptives, especially birth control pills, can affect the duration, frequency, and intensity of menstrual bleeding. Frequently changing brands or types of pills can also impact your menstrual cycle and cause prolonged bleeding.

3. Weight Issues

Significant weight gain or obesity can lead to prolonged menstruation. Excess body fat produces additional estrogen, which may mimic pregnancy hormones and prevent ovulation. As a result, the uterine lining continues to thicken until it sheds during an extended menstrual period.

4. Benign Abnormal Cell Growth

The presence of benign abnormal tissue growth in the uterine muscle—such as ovarian cysts, uterine polyps, or fibroids—can also cause prolonged and heavy or light periods. While the exact cause of these growths is unknown, some women may experience symptoms, while others may not.

5. Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid conditions such as hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may also be linked to prolonged menstruation. Although the exact connection between thyroid disorders and menstrual cycle changes is still being studied, research shows a strong correlation.

Read more: What Is Menorrhagia? Understand the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

How to Manage Prolonged Menstruation

Prolonged menstruation can be concerning, prompting many to seek solutions. Consulting a doctor is recommended to identify the root cause of the issue. Once diagnosed, appropriate treatment can be provided.

Treatment may include medications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as paracetamol (acetaminophen), can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Additionally, medications like tranexamic acid may be prescribed to reduce bleeding.

If the prolonged period is caused by hormonal imbalance, hormone therapy may be necessary. This could involve the use of progesterone and estrogen, often delivered via birth control pills. If you’re not suited to oral contraceptives, your doctor may suggest alternative hormonal treatments.

By understanding the possible causes and treatments for prolonged menstruation, you can better manage the condition and reduce unnecessary worry. We hope this article provides useful insights and helps you make informed health decisions.